Four Theories Of Criminology Seminole State College

Four Theories of Criminology Kendy Menelas Seminole State College Author Note Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College This research was supported in part by the Federal Pell grant Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College, Sanford, FL 32773. Contact: kendym@live.seminolestate.edu Abstract This paper summarizes four theories of criminology. Rational choice theory states that criminals act based on a thought process that weighs the pros and cons of criminality. Criminologists who believe in this theory feel that most criminals are people capable of having rational thoughts before committing a crime. Trait theory is the view of criminology that suggests criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits. Criminologists who believe in this theory feel that criminals choose to commit crime because of a brain anomaly or chemical imbalance. Social structure theory is â€Å"a view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime† (Seigel 139). Those who follow this theory often believe social forces can have a great effect on whether or not a person commits a crime. An example would be those who are poor are more being more prone to commit crime. Social process theory is a view that criminality depends on how a person interact s with different organizations and institutions and processes in society. For example, a family would be considered

Reflection Of The Exodus - 866 Words

Exodus, the second book of the Bible, demonstrates many aspects of God’s character. Written by Moses, the book contains two genres: narrative history and laws. The book opens with Moses’s background, his confrontation with Pharaoh, the ten plagues, and the Israelite’s exit from slavery. It closes with God’s commandments, laws, and instructions for his people. Throughout the book, God’s infinite power over everything, including Pharaoh, is displayed. â€Å"Pharaoh and his best minds are by no means presented as inept or lacking in power. Quite the contrary, they are formidable, a force to be reckoned with. But when they come up against Yahweh, they are outdone.† God’s faithfulness, might, sovereignty, mercy, and vast knowledge are clearly†¦show more content†¦Hail, locust, and complete, utter darkness afflicted the Egyptians by God’s mighty hand. God showed his boundless dominance and mastery over all of creation through the ten plagues. God is fully omniscient. He not only knew that Moses would need Aaron’s help and that Pharaoh would need the plagues to change his mind, he also knew that Pharaoh would try to pursue the Israelites after they were freed. He told his people to camp in a certain place where the Egyptians would come for them. As the Egyptians approached, God split the Red Sea and his people walked through safely. Knowing that the former slave owners would desperately follow, God closed the sea onto their chariots and destroyed all of them. Through his knowledge, God saved his people and gained their trust by showing his power, â€Å"Israel saw the great power that the LORD used against the Egyptians, so the people feared the LORD, and they believed in the LORD and in his servant Moses.† (The Holy Bible: English Standard Version, Ex. 14:31) In times of anger, God is merciful. While speaking to Moses on a mountain, the Israelites constructed an idol in the form of a golden calf. Previously, God had commanded them to never worship any idols. Seeing the disobedience of his children, God desired to let his â€Å"wrath may burn hot against them and [he] may consume them.† (Ex. 32:10) Moses protected his people by reminding God of his promise to Abraham, Jacob, and Isaac. Showing mercy to the sinners,Show MoreRelatedTheology And Pastoral Leadership : Theology Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesin the article that pastoral leadership is a metaphor for all of the church s leadership which includes the laity. The church is led by pastors, deacons, and some laity that all work together to be ministers of the gospel in the world. Personal Reflection From this article, I gained a greater understanding of the practical application of theology in leadership. The author makes the points that it is a mistake to believe that the more something is theological makes it less practical. 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Virus Invaders Essay Example For Students

Virus Invaders Essay Katie TurnerTechnical WritingPeriod 7Virus Invaders, written by Alan E. Nourse, M.D., explores different viruses and our bodys defenses against them. This book traces the history of the discovery of viruses, and discusses the difficulty of identifying them, major diseases caused by viruses, the present state of virology, and the prognosis for the treatment. This book is an up-date examination of the structure and function of viruses that covers how they invade the body and what they do once they have entered. Common and uncommon diseases (chicken pox, hepatitis, mononucleosis, herpes, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, encephalitis, AIDS) are discussed in depth. Viruses are so mysterious and their behaviors are so complex that it is almost as difficult to describe them to the nonscientist as it is to study them in the laboratory. Nourse does an awesome job of writing in laypersons terms without making the reader feel like a child. The most fascinating chapter describes viruses as the not-quite-living enemy. The photographs of laboratories look dull and fuzzy in the book and the black-and-white illustrations are not that great for representing magnified specimens. However, Nourse does a good job in explaining this information. Nourse describes the discovery of viruses and their nature, and discusses the variety of viral diseases, vaccines and immunity, and recent research. He presents a wide scope of information; detailed, complex explanations about such topics as DNA and RNA; and focuses on AIDS and HIV. Likewise, hepatitis A, B, and C are dealt with separately. An excellent double-page chart details in outline form the viruses, diseases cau sed, organs attacked, symptoms, usual outcomes, and possibilities of an available vaccine. Analogies and action-packed adjectives and nouns will keep young readers actively involved in unraveling the mysteries of these tiny tyrants. . . . Current areas of viral research are presented, encouraging a continued interesting this subject. Only a couple of minor flaws are seen in the beauty of this excellent presentation. The book is recommended highly, both for general knowledge and as material for the classroom. BibliographyWhats up manEnglish Essays

Loyalty In Odyssey Essay Research Paper LoyaltyIn free essay sample

Loyalty In Odyssey Essay, Research Paper Loyalty In The Odyssey by Homer, the scene when Odysseus Canis familiaris Argos recognized him after 19 old ages of absence, along with Eumaios still esteeming his maestro greatly showed that a loyal individual in the Odyssey or even in the Grecian society will be respected while the disloyal are despised. Unlike unpatriotic characters such as Melanthios, the reader respects characters that put responsibility over personal addition in The Odyssey. The Characters get what they deserve in the Odyssey, if they are respectable, they normally end up good, if they are unpatriotic, they end up bad. Both Argos and Odysseus did non bury each other during their 19 old ages of separation. Even when Argos is weak, dirty, and death, he still tried to demo fondness toward Odysseus by wagging his tail, and puting his ears back. This showed that his trueness towards Odysseus neer faded despite his maestro s absence. We will write a custom essay sample on Loyalty In Odyssey Essay Research Paper LoyaltyIn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Odysseus recognized Argos, and realized he neer forgot about him, Odysseus becomes emotional, and wiped a bead of tear off. I was touched after reading this scene, and it was difficult to disregard my regard and sympathy towards Argos. Not merely the animate beings display this kind of allegiance, nevertheless since Argos was loyal, the reader respects this character. Eumaios, the pigman, besides embodies the features of a faithful retainer. Like Argos, even when Odysseus is speculated as dead, Eumaios still refers to Odysseus as his maestro: I call him my Maestro, though he is absent. His sort intervention of the mendicant, who was really Odysseus, shows he is a good individual in general, non merely to his maestro. The fact that Eumaios sleeps with Odysseus hogs every N ight greatly reinforces this form of being loyal. He was so loyal that in order to take attention of his absent maestro s support he sacrificed himself. I respected Eumaios because he treated the belongings as if he expected Odysseus to return at dawn. In the terminal, he besides helped Odysseus in the feast hall conflict. His ultimate destiny was non due to luck, but instead a life of sturdy devotedness. Not all of Odysseus s retainers emulated this ideal. Melanthios, to the reverse was the exact antonym of Eumaios. He ignored his responsibility as a goat herder by presenting the caprine animals to the suers alternatively of protecting Odysseus belongings. Even though Odysseus has been gone for a long clip, he should still make his occupation because Penelope was still his maestro. Even though the goat herder insulted Odysseus inadvertently, the writer used dramatic sarcasm here to stress the servant s foolhardiness. The reader knows Odysseus was in camouflage, and he was keeping in his choler, but Melanthios didn t. He kicked him on the street, he tried to state Odysseus to go forth his ain house, and he even helps the suers during the feast. These scenes foreshadowed Melanthios barbarous executing later in the narrative. In decision, the loyal characters in The Odyssey had a good terminal to them, and the unpatriotic characters all suffered. Since Homer wrote this drama 100s of old ages ago, this shows that in the Grecian society trueness was an of import feature to hold. ( In a universe of great uncertainness, the devotedness of Alliess, friends, and retainers can non be overlooked. Though the times have changed, the value of fidelity has non. Like Odysseus, each of us should measure our friends and Alliess before puting complete trust in them.

marine pollution essays

marine pollution essays The sea is indispensable to life on earth and experiencing serious environmental problems today. Originally nature had the power to clean itself of pollutants to a certain degree. However, the amount of the pollutants discharged by human beings has reached a level which nature cannot cope with. The causes of marine pollution are variety, such as disposal of waste and oil spills, which have caused great and possibly irreversible damage to marine life and could cause extermination of marine life. To prevent the marine environment from further damage, some conventions on the Law of the Sea have been established and implemented effectively. In this paper, the causes and the effects of marine pollution will be firstly identified and discussed. Following this, the law of the sea reviews the overall problems. How to protect marine environment will be finally recommended. Vessel source pollution refers to pollution that comes from ships and has been estimated to comprise up to 40 percent of marine pollution (Kindt, 1986). It may result either because of an accident or because of the natural ways in which ships operate. Accidental vessel source pollution may involve the discharge of dangerous substances, which are transported by sea, including oil, radioactive materials, chemicals and hazardous wastes. Marine accidents potentially cause serious harm to coastal communities, fisheries, wildlife and the local ecology where is a spill takes place. Operational pollution, on the other hand, is caused by the manner in which ships operate. For instance, oil tankers traditionally washed their oil tanks and disposed of oily residues at sea, resulting in significant volumes of pollution. International laws solution to this particular problem has been to eliminate the need for such discharges through technical solutions and the provision of facilities near the sh ore so that these residues can be kept from entering the seas (Timagenis, 1980). ...

HP's strategic choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HP's strategic choices - Essay Example In the process of discussing the major accomplishments and failures made by Florina, the student will evaluate her decision-makings and the effectiveness of her strategic choices in terms of being able to cut down the operational costs of HP. One of the business strategies that Florina implemented together with the company’s business executives is not to reward employees their annual bonuses in case they fail to meet their profit target each year. (Information Gatekeepers, 2002) Even though holding on employees’ bonuses could save the company a large sum of money at the end of the year, this strategy could de-motivate some of deserving employees within the business organization. Given the fact that some of HP employees were disappointed with the top management’s decision not to release their annual bonuses, the work performance of HP employees may suffer. Back in 2002, Florina was behind the actual merger that has occurred between HP and Compaq Computer. Aside from the fact that merger between the two companies could result to cutting down its operational costs through economies of scale as it increases the market opportunity on the part of HP, some analysts have argued that it was a mistake to pursue the merger between the two companies since this strategy made HP lost some portion of its market shares in some areas. (LaMonica, 2005) Upon analyzing the situation, it is possible for HP to lose some of its market share in certain areas when the top management fails to develop a single organizational goal and business objectives which could align the employees coming from the two separate companies. When there is a miscommunication or internal conflict arising between the two groups of employees, there is a higher possibility for the quality of HP products to decrease due to miscommunication and other technical errors. One of the best ways of maintaining the competitiveness of HP in the global

Drug use and Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug use and Crime - Essay Example However, had he not been high it is likely the eight young women would not have died. While Speck's case might not be a good indicator of the relationship between drug use and crime, other authorities recognize the relationship. The Drug Enforcement agency has compiled statistics for years concerning the relationship between drug use and crime. A 1997 study of violence against Law Enforcement Officers conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation showed that 24 percent of the assailants were under the influence of drugs at the time of the assault and that 72 percent had a history of narcotics violations. (Speaking out Against Drug Legalization, Drug Enforcement Agency fact Sheet 7) Far from being a victimless crime, Drug usage leads to other crime. The United States Postal Service investigated 29 incidents that resulted in 34 deaths in a period spanning thirteen years between 1986 and 1999. Twenty of the thirty-four perpetrators either had a history of substance abuse or were known to be under the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs at the time of the incident. (Speaking out Against Drug Legalization Fact Sheet 7, Drug Enforcement Agency) Unfortunately, Richard Speck isn't an anomaly. Brenda Spencer, a sixteen-year-old high school student went on a shooting rampage January 29, 1979. The troubled teenager was frequently absent from school, was involved in several petty thefts and had a history of drug abuse. She killed two school employees and wounded several students and a police officer in her shooting spree. (World Encyclopedia of 20th Century Murder, Jay Robert Nash, Paragon House Page 533) A 1994 Journal of the American Medical Association article reported that cocaine use was linked to high homicide rates in New York City. The Office of National Drug Control Policy estimated that there were 53,000 drug related deaths in that year. The Vietnam War's death toll was 58,000 for an eight and a half year period.And it isn't just murder. According to the Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics, drug use was linked to crimes against property in 26.9 percent of the reported crimes in 2002. This was an increase of 2.4 percent from just six years earlier. These crimes were committed to get money to buy drugs with. Of all crimes compiled for the report. 16.4 percent were committed to raise money for drugs in 2002, an increase of 1.3 percent from 1996 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment of Jail Inmates, 2002, NJC 209588, July 2005. Approximately two of every five rapes or sexual assault committed against college students, the victims perceived the perpetrator was under the influence of drugs. Of all violent crimes against college students, persons perceived to be under the influence of drugs committed 41 percent. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Violent Victimization of College Students, 1995- 2000, NJC 196143, December 2003) The statistics become even grimmer when we look at probationers. The first national survey of adults on probation conducted in 1995 found that 14 percent of the probationers were on drugs when they committed their offense. Among those on probation 49 percent of the mentally ill used drugs or alcohol at the time of their offence and 46percent of others used drugs or alcohol at the time. (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Substance Abuse and Treatment of Adults on Probation, 1995, NJC 166611,